Spatial interaction is a key concept in various fields, involving the movement of people, goods, and information between locations. Scholars have developed theories and models, including the gravity model, Ullman’s model, the Huff model, and the Stouffer model, to understand and analyze spatial interactions. These models are applied in transportation planning, retail location analysis, and migration studies, and are influenced by factors such as transportation infrastructure, economic conditions, technological advancements, government policies, and cultural and social factors.