upsc Population and Settlement Geography

Urbanization necessitates sustainable development in cities, balancing environmental, economic, and social needs for future generations.

Urbanization drives economic growth but causes housing shortages, congestion, pollution, and inequality challenges.

Satellite towns alleviate urban congestion, providing housing and services while promoting sustainable development.

The rural-urban fringe is a transitional area between urban centers and agricultural land, evolving rapidly.

Urban areas significantly influence surrounding regions economically, socially, and infrastructurally, shaping population distribution.

Functional classification of towns aids urban planning by categorizing settlements based on primary functions.

This article examines primate cities and rank-size rule in urban systems, highlighting their characteristics.

Urban morphology studies urban structures, evolution, and impacts, essential for effective urban planning and policies.

Urban settlements’ hierarchy impacts population distribution, services, and regional development dynamics.

Rural settlements face serious environmental issues, like deforestation, soil degradation, and water scarcity.