Large eruptions release ash and sulfur dioxide, which can cool the Earth's surface by reflecting sunlight.
Changes in solar output, such as the 11-year sunspot cycle, influence the Earth's climate.
Variations in Earth's orbit and tilt affect the distribution of sunlight, driving glacial and interglacial periods.
Shifts in currents like El Nino and La Nina redistribute heat, causing short-term climate variations.
Movement of continents and formation of mountains alter ocean and atmospheric circulation patterns.
Natural sources like respiration, decomposition, and ocean-atmosphere exchanges affect levels of CO2 and methane.
Variations in Earth's reflectivity, such as changes in ice cover, influence the planet's temperature.
Natural wildfires release carbon dioxide and other gases, impacting atmospheric composition and climate.
Shifts in vegetation cover, due to natural processes, affect carbon storage and albedo, influencing climate.
Impacts from meteors or asteroids can inject particles into the atmosphere, affecting climate by blocking sunlight.
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